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Objective@#To investigate the current status of job burnout in in-service sailors, and to provide a basis for the development of intervention measures for job burnout in sailors.@*Methods@#From September 2015 to May 2016, stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 6 172 in-service sailors from 13 provinces and cities as research subjects. General demographic data including age, education background, and household registration and occupational characteristics such as job position, navigating zone, and nature of employment were collected. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) was used to measure the levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, low occupational efficiency, and job burnout, and the influencing factors for job burnout were also analyzed.@*Results@#Of all 6 172 in-service sailors, 112 (1.8%) had a positive result in emotional exhaustion, 870 (14.1%) had a positive result in depersonalization, and 3 517 (57.0%) had a positive result in low occupational efficiency. Of all sailors, 63.3% had job burnout, among whom 54.1% had mild burnout, 8.7% had moderate burnout, and 0.5% had severe burnout. There was a significant difference in the score of job burnout between the sailors with different ages, education backgrounds, types of household registration, job positions, navigating zones, ornature of employment (P<0.05). Age, education background, household registration, job position, navigating zone, and nature of employment were major influencing factors for job burnout in in-service sailors (P<0.05) , and there was a higher level of job burnout in the sailors with an age of 30-39 years, education background of junior college or above, urban registration, a job position of second mate/third engineer, a navigating zone of coastal lines, orthe nature of employment of freelance sailor.@*Conclusion@#There is a high incidence rate of job burnout among in-service sailors, and the sailors with a young age, urban registration, a navigating zone of coastal lines, or thenature of employment of freelance sailor tend to have low occupational efficiency. Related measures should be adopted for active intervention.
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[Objective] This prospective study was conducted to assess the influence of overnight orthokeratology (OK) on low,middle and high myopia in southern Chinese teenagers.[Methods] Fifty-four subjects (107 eyes,age 11.65 ± 2.44 years,mean±SD)who matched the inclusion criteria for OK were enrolled in the study.The subjects were divided into three groups according to the different refraction baseline (low myopia group:0.75 ～ 3.00 D,51 eyes;middle myopia group:3.25 ～ 5.00 D,36 eyes;high myopia group:5.25 ～ 9.00 D,20 eyes).Refraction,central corneal thickness,corneal keratometry,anterior chamber depth and axial length (AL) were measured at baseline and after 1 years using ocular biometry.The changes were evaluated and compared among the groups.Results were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software.[Results] Fifty-four subjects (total 107 eyes) completed the 1-year follow-up examinations.At baseline,the spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) was-2.15 D ± 0.63 D,-4.20 D ± 0.54 D,and-6.63 D ±1.18 D in three groups.The axial length was (24.50-± 0.66) mm,(25.16-± 0.65) mm,and (26.35 ± 0.87) mm in the three groups,respectively.There were no significant differences among the groups in initial central corneal thickness,anterior chamber depth,central,flat and steep kerotometry.The increase in axial length during the 1-year study period was (0.22 ± 0.27) mm,(0.09-± 0.22)mm and (0.02-± 0.22) mm in three groups,respectively,and the difference was significant between low myopia group and middle myopia group (P =0.04),low myopia group and high myopia group (P =0.008),whereas no significant difference was found between middle myopia group and high myopia group (P =0.35).Spherical equivalence decreased dramatically in three groups after one year (all P ＜ 0.0001).And the difference was significant between low myopia group and middle myopia group (P ＜ 0.0001),low myopia group and high myopia group (P ＜ 0.0001).Central,flat and steep kerotometry after one year became flatten in all group (all P ＜0.0001).There were no significant differences in the change of central corneal thickness,anterior chamber depth and corneal diameter.[Conclusions] OK lens is more effective in middle and high myopia control than in the low myopia control.The change in corneal keratometry may be one of the main factors influencing the OK treatment effect.
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Objective To investigate whether echocardiography left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and NT-proBNP could be an early detective marker for patients with untypical NSTE-ACS. Methods A total of 248 ACS cases admitted to the emergency department of our hospital from January 1,2015 to June 31,2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The data included age,gender,past medical history,D-dimer,MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase(CK-MB),cardiac troponin I(cTnI),the precursor of the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),electrocardiogram(ECG)before treatment,and the CK-MB,cTnI and LVEF,the treatment of percuta-neous coronary intervention(PCI)or thrombolytic by drugs. Survival condition and time from onset to death were recorded. According to the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis ,receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve)and fitting curve were drawn. The association between the LVEF and NT-proBNP before the treatment and prognosis of ACS was analyzed. Results NSTE-ACS patients with chief complaint of chest pain were less than those of STE-ACS(33.6% vs. 70.1%,P=0.003). Pre-hospital time was longer than that of STE-ACS group(67.92 ± 116.89 vs. 30.65 ± 55.59,P = 0.006). CTNI(4.37 ± 12.53 vs. 9.62 ± 18.00,P=0.011)and LVEF(53.51 ± 14.51 vs. 56.26 ± 12.30,P=0.019)were less than that of the STE-ACS group. NT-proBNP was higher than that of the STE-ACS group(2288.37 ± 4612.10 vs. 1506.84 ± 1722.51,P=0.038). mortality rates was higher than the STE-ACS group((15.3%vs. 6.8%,P=0.036). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that LVEF values was correlated to 28-day death(B =-0.097 ,P=0.022). The ROC curves showed that LVEF values was negative correlated with the 28-day death. However,combination of LVEF and NT-proBNP was better than single LVEF values. LVEF values was negative correlated with the NT-proBNP(r =-0.263,P=0.001), LVEF values had greater and longer survival time(B=0.401,P=0.045)but NT-proBNP was not related to surviv-al time.(B=0.00,P=0.931). Conclusion LVEF and NT-proBNP are correlated with the early risk assessment of patients with ACS,but was not correlated with the time from onset to death. The decrease in LVEF values at the early stage of NSTE-ACS may be helpful to indicate the critical condition of the ACS patients.
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Objective To investigate the process of apoptosis in lungs and liver induced by crushing hindlimbs of rat, and study the mechanismof crush injury. Methods The rat experimental model of hindlimbs crush injury was established. The cell apoptosis in lungs and liver was detected by TUNEL assay, and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 apoptin was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results C ompared with the control group, the partial muscle injury of rat’s hindlimbs was more serious with more apoptosis observed in lungs and liver (P<0.05). The expression of Bax was up-regulated and Bcl-2 was down-regulated, whereas caspase-3 expression was activated (P<0.05). Conclusion The cell apoptosis has increased significantly in lungs and liver after crush injury of hindlimbs in rat. The corre-lation factor released during tissue injury may mediate apoptosis process.
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Objective To investigate the variation of myocardial glycometabolism and the release of cardiac creatine kinase and cardiac troponin I on isolated rat heart after stimulated with hyperinsulinism.Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were random divided into five groups,and their hearts were taken out to be mounted onto a Langendorff perfusion apprartus to perfuse with krebs-Henseleit buffer contained diversity concentration of insulin as 0,10,20,30,50 U/L.The coronary effluent was collected on time,and the concentration of glum was determined to evaluate the glycometabolism of the rat heart,meanwhile the release of cardiac creutine kinase(CK)and cardiac troponin I were detected to evaluate the state of myocardial damage.Results Compared with control group,the rat hearts of the hyperinsulinism group had a significantly depression of glucose uptake and oxidation,and the level of CK and cTn-I in the coronary effluent was increased.Conclusion After the isolated rat hearts were stimulated with hyperinsulinism,the glucose uptake of cadiocyte were suppressed,myocardial insulin resistance appeared,and the rat myocardial got damaged.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions (ADR) of paclitaxel combined with oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.METHODS:31 patients with advanced gastric cancer were treated with paclitaxel 175 mg?m-2 (i.v.) for 3 hours followed by oxaliplatin 85 mg?m-2 on the first day and 24 hour infusion of 5-Fu (500 mg?m-2,first to fifth day) every 3 weeks.Total effective rate,survival duration and ADR were observed.RESULTS:The total effective rate was 38.7% (12/31),including complete remission of 9.7% (3/31),partial remission of 29.0%(9/31),steady progress (SD) of 41.9% (13/31) and promotion progress (PD) of 19.4% (6/31).The median time to progression (TTP) was 5.9 months and median survival time (MST) was 10.7 months.The total response rates were 70% for newly diagnosis patients and 23.8% for recurrence patients.The main ADR were neurotoxicity (89.1%),leukopenia (82.6%),nausea/vomiting (72.8%) and alopecia (66.3%).None of chemotherapy-related death occurred.CONCLUSION:Paclitaxel combined with oxaliplatin and 5-Fu POF regimen appears to be effective and tolerated in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of lipid diet on the pharmacokinetics of gatifloxacin.METHODS: 8 Beagle dogs were randomly assigned to receive single oral dose of gatifloxacin capsules(17 mg?kg-1) on empty stomach or in combination with lipid diet by a randomized crossover design plasma concentrations of gatifloxacin were measured by HPLC.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3p97,and the effect of the lipid diet on the pharmacokinetics of gatifloxacin was evaluated.RESULTS: The concentration-time curves fitted one compartment model in empty stomach group and lipide diet group.The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: t1/2ke were(4.00?0.84) and(7.87?1.54) h;tmax(2.29?1.08) and(3.61?2.72) h;Cmax(6.06?0.87) and(2.91?1.27) ?g?mL-1;AUC(0～t)(56.74?10.80) and(45.35?10.81) ?g?h?mL-1,respectively There were significant differences between the two groups in the t1/2Ke and Cmax(P
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Objective To provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment of all-ceramic crown prosthodontics,the influence of cement thickness on the stress distribution in all-ceramic crowns under load was studied numerically.Methods The finite element analysis(FEA) model of a standard mandibular first molar was established using spiral CT and CAD software,and then it was applied to analyze the stress distribution of all-ceramic crowns under vertical loading using FEA software.Results Stress concentration was found in mesial and distal cement;the stress distribution at the cement upper and lower interface was found to be similar,and the stress magnitude discrepancy between the two interfaces was small;the stress of the model with 0.15 mm cement in the cervix was lower about 30% than the one of the 0.05 mm model.Conclusions The cement thickness plays an important role in the stress distribution of all-ceramic restoration system.The model with 0.15 mm cement shows a better resistance to destruction among the three models investigated.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of high protein diet on pharmacokinetics of gatifloxacin.METHODS:A randomized crossover design was performed in 8 Beagle dogs.In the two study periods,a single oral 17 mg?kg-1 dose was administered to empty stomach or with high protein diet in dogs.Plasma concentration of gatifloxacin were measured by HPLC.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3p97.RESULTS:The concentration-time curves were a one compartment model in empty stomach or with high protein diet in beagle dogs.The t1/2ke were(4.00?0.84)and(9.28?1.32)h,tmax(2.29?1.08)and(4.98?2.76)h,Cmax(6.06?0.87)and(3.42?1.20)?g?mL-1,AUC(0～t)(56.74?10.80)and(68.66?15.92)?g?h?mL-1,respectively.There was significant difference between the two groups in the main pharmacokinetic parameters(P
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0.05). CONCLUSION: The carbohydrate diet can not influence on pharmacokinetics parameters of gatifloxacin.
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OBJECTIVE:To compare pharmacokinetic parameters of the common tablets and sustained-release melatonin tablets in beagle dogs in vivo.METHODS:The blood concentration of melatonin of6Beagle dogs was determined by HPLC and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with3p97software after administered random crossover with single dose of sustained-release melatonin tablets6mg or the common tablets3mg.RESULTS:The concentration-time curves of both the common tablets and sustained-release melatonin tablets were in conformity with two-compartment model,C max of common tablets and sustained-release tablets were(11.27?3.77)ng/ml and(8.31?5.11)ng/ml respectively,t max of which were(0.50?0.18)h and(1.00?0.37)h respectively,t 1/2ke of which were(1.21?0.52)h and(3.27?0.89)h,AUC 0～t of which were(25.23?7.71)(ng?h)/ml and(38.03?16.45)(ng?h)/ml respectively.CONCLUSION:Compared with the common tablets,the sustained-release tablets showed slower absorption,longer peak time,lower peak concentration,slower elimination and longer duration.
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OBJECTIVE: To survey and objectively evaluate the present situation and trend of the usages of the prescription drugs and over the counter( OTC) drugs. METHODS: To make a survey of the usage for above - mentioned drugs in 51 hospitals of 4 provinces in southwest China during the period 1999- 2000 concerning the sum of money for drugs, main kinds of drugs etc. . RESULTS: The sum of money for the prescription drugs and OTC drugs increased 55% and 33% in 2000 compared with those in 1999, respectively.The sums of money for OTC drugs accounted for 2.18% and 2.56% of those of the prescription drugs in 2000 and in 1999,respectively.CONCLUSION:The sums of money for the prescription drugs and OTC drugs increased rapidly ,but total sale of OTC drugs was very low compared with that of the prescription drugs.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of the content of emodin in Compound shouwu mixture.METHODS:The determination was performed on Diamonsil C_(18) column(150 mm?4.6 mm,5?m) with the mobile phase consisted of methanol- 0.1%phosphoric acid(68:32).The detective wavelength was set at 220 nm.RESULTS: The linear range of emodin was 7.8～78.0?g?mL~(-1)(r= 0.999 8) with an average recovery rate of 98.25%(RSD = 1.09%,n=9).CONCLUSION:The method is accurate,sensitive and reproducible,and it is applicable for the quality control of the Compound shouwu mixture.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the current situation and the trend of NSAIDs(Non-steroidal antiinflammatory dr_ ugs).METHODS:NSAIDs used in16hospitals in Wanzhou area were statically analyzed with a reference to the DDDs(defind_ ed daily dose).RESULTS:The consumption sum and DDDs increased with an annually rate of2.4%,3.1%respectively.Of the top10manufacturers in sales volume,the percentage for the sales volume of the domestic manufacturers decreased from62%in2001to24%in2003.CONCLUSION:Effort should be taken for the development of the new preparation of NSAIDS that of low side-effects so as to meet the needs of the patients.